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''Curia regis'' is a Latin term meaning "royal council" or "king's court." It was the name given to councils of advisors and administrators who served early French kings as well as to those serving Norman and later kings of England. ==England== In England the Norman kings after the Conquest of England conducted much of the business of state utilizing a council called the ''curia regis''.〔William A. Morris, 'The Lesser Curia Regis Under the First Two Norman Kings of England', ''The American Historical Review'', Vol. 34, No. 4 (Jul., 1929), p. 772〕 It was similar to, but not the same as the Witenagemot (or Witan) which advised the Anglo-Saxon kings of England, and the ''Curia Ducis'' which served the Dukes of Normandy.〔William Searle Holdsworth, ''A History of English Law'', Vol. I (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1922), p. 32〕 This council existed in two forms. The first was the great ''curia regis'' or ''Magnum Concilium'', composed of the tenants-in-chief, the great officers of the king's court, and those ecclesiastics who held lands of the king.〔The ecclesiastics included archbishops, bishops and certain abbots. William the Conqueror required homage of all bishops and abbots for their lands prior to their consecration, so they were summoned to the ''curia regis'' as barons. See: William A. Morris, 'The Lesser Curia Regis Under the First Two Norman Kings of England', ''The American Historical Review'', Vol. 34, No. 4 (Jul., 1929), p. 772 & notes 3, 4 and 5.〕〔George Burton Adams, 'The Descendants of the Curia Regis', ''The American Historical Review, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Oct., 1907), p. 12〕 This council met on special occasions and were summoned by the king. When not in session it was replaced by a smaller council which itself was in continuous session called the lesser or small ''curia regis'' made up of the king's officers of state and those magnates who were at court.〔 The lesser ''curia regis'' was in essence the king's royal court and as such was an itinerant court that followed the king in all his travels.〔William Searle Holdsworth, ''A History of English Law'', Vol. I (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1922), p. 33〕 The king, when traveling throughout his realm and as an integral part of the court, often heard suitors in person.〔 The ''curia regis'' in either of its two forms did the business of state whether legislative, judicial, or diplomatic. These functions were executed seamlessly with no regard to specialized functions.〔 Neither the greater or lesser ''curia regis'' was subservient to the other, as it was considered the same entity.〔 Under the Norman kings the business of government was handled the same regardless of which curia was meeting at the time.〔 In judicial matters, the basis for the law remained the Anglo-Saxon laws of Edward the Confessor which both William the Conqueror and Henry I promised to uphold.〔 The powers of the sheriffs were retained as well as those of the communal courts (Hundred Courts and Shire Courts).〔 The ''curia regis'' attempted to maintain continuity with its predecessor as the Norman kings wanted to be seen as the lawful successors of Edward the Confessor.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Curia regis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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